Tin
compounds are classified into two main groups;
inorganic-tin and organo-tin compounds. The organo-tin
compounds are defined as compounds in which at least
one tin-to-carbon bond exist. But the inorganic-tin
compounds do not contain carbon as the principal element.
Inorganic-tin compounds are relatively simple in their
molecular structure and, like tin itself, are not considered
to be toxic. Tin atoms can replace carbon atoms in chemical
compounds, and a great variety of organo-tin compounds
are known.
INORGANIC TIN COMPOUNDS
The
largest use for inorganic tin compounds is in electrolytes
for plating tin and tin alloys. The more important plating
chemicals are chlorides, sulfates, and fluoroborates
in acidic electrolytes and stannates in alkaline solutions.
Inorganic-tin compounds are divided into two series:
stannous, or tin(II), compounds and stannic, or tin(IV),
compounds.Chemically, tin exhibits valencies of 2 and
4. It resists attack by water but is dissolved by strong
acids and alkalis. One of common compounds of tin(II)
are stannous chloride (SnCl2) used in tin galvanizing,
as a reducing agent in the manufacture of polymers and
as a mordant in dyeing.; stannous oxide (SnO) employed
in making tin salts for chemical reagents and for plating;
and stannous fluoride (SnF2) is the additive in fluoride
tooth-pastes. Inorganic tin chemicals are used as catalysts
in a number of industrial processes. stannous octoate
is the catalyst that produces the foaming action that
turns the liquid plastic into a foamlike solid structure
in the manufacture of polyurethane foam. Tin(IV) compounds
of significance include stannic chloride (SnCl4) is
widely used as a stabilizer for perfumes and as a starting
material for other tin salts; and stannic oxide(SnO2)
is a useful catalyst in certain industrial processes
and a polishing powder for steel. Tin sulfide is used
as a bronzing agent for wood colouring
ORGANOTIN
COMPOUNDS
The greatest use of di-organotin compounds is stabilizers in the
manufacture of polyvinyl chloride, or PVC. The particular importance of these
di-organotins lies in their outstanding ability to preserve the clarity and
transparency of PVC, not only when being processed but also in subsequent
service. Organotin-stabilized PVC is used in water pipes and in food packaging
applications as tin compounds used in these applications are known as nontoxic.
In contrast to the nontoxic compounds employed as stabilizers, some
tri-organotin compounds (e.g., tributyl- and triphenyltins) are powerful
biocides and have found use in a number of relevant applications, such as
fungicide, algicide, molluscicide in underwater and anti-fouling paints
extensively, preservatives for wood, as slimicide on masonry, as biocide
disinfectant for textile and leather processing, cooling system, pulp and paper
mill and brewery. The tributyltin family or fentine (triphenyltin) chemicals
include;
- Tributyltin benzoate (CAS RN: 4342-36-3)
- Tributyltin
chloride (CAS RN: 1461-22-9)
- Tributyltin
fluoride (CAS RN: 1983-10-4)
- Tributyltin
linoleate (CAS RN: 24124-25-2)
- Tributyltin
methacrylate (CAS RN: 2155-70-6)
- Tributyltin
naphthenate (CAS RN: 85409-17-2)
- Tributyltin
oxide (CAS RN: 56-35-9)
- Tributyltin sulfide (CAS
RN: 4808-30-4)
- Tributyltin adipate (CAS RN: 7437-35-6)
- Tributyltin acetate
(CAS RN: 56-36-0)
- Triphenyltin hydroxide (CAS RN: 76-87-9)
- Triphenyltin
acetate (CAS RN: 900-95-8)
- Triphenyltin chloride (CAS RN: 639-58-7)
Tributyltin compounds are usually clear to yellowish liquids
with an unpleasant odor. Triphenyltincompounds are white solids with low vapour
pressures. Tri-organotin compounds are derivatives of tetravalent tin. They are
lipophilic and have low water solubility. Physical and chemical properties of tri-organotin compounds vary
depending
upon the anion linked to tin. Tributyltin derivatives have toxic
properties to gram positive bacteria are used as disinfectants on surfaces such
as hospital floors and sports arenas, combined with gram negative bactericides.
Tin chemicals also used as flame retardants to treat fabrics and plastics. Tributyltin methacrylate is used as a stabiliser for
PVC.
Other industrial applications of organotin
compounds include as rodent repellents, antioxidants, curing agents
and corrosion inhibitors.
Di-n-butyltin Dilaurate complex is used as a
stabilizer for excellent heat stability, weatherability
and clarity. It is used as a lubricant with the good
gelling properties and lubricity. It is suitable for
long time processing at high temperature. It is used
in combination with other stabilizers for ed use when
initial colorless products are needed. It is used as
a rust inhibitor or catalyst for Polyurethanes, Polyols, silicones, and fuel additive.BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS
Butyltin compound |
CAS
RN
|
n-Butyltin trichloride |
1118-46-3 |
n-Butylstannoic acid |
2273-43-0 |
n-Butylchlorotin dihydroxide |
13355-96-9 |
n-Butyltin sulfide |
15666-29-2 |
n-Butyltin tris(2-ethylhexanoate) |
23850-94-4 |
n-Butyltin tris(isooctyl mercaptoacetate) |
25852-70-4 |
n-Butylthiostannonic acid |
26410-42-4 |
2-Ethylhexyl ((butylthioxostannyl)thio)acetate |
26821-65-8 |
n-Butyltin tris(2-ethylhexyl mercaptoacetate) |
26864-37-9 |
n-Butyltin tris(isooctyl mercaptopropionate) |
36118-600-2 |
n-Butyltin tris(octanoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
59118-80-8 |
n-Butyltin tris(2-oleoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
67361-76-6 |
n-Butyltin tris(decanoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
67874-51-5 |
n-Butyltin tris(2-linoleoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
68928-37-0 |
n-Butyltin tris(hexadecanoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
68928-39-2 |
n-Butyltin tris(lauroyloxyethylmercaptide) |
68928-52-9 |
n-Butyltin tris(tetradecanoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
68928-34-7 |
n-Butyltris[(beta-hydroxyethyl)thio]tin |
70729-71-4 |
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate |
77-58-7 |
Di-n-butyltin mercaptopropionate |
78-06-8 |
Di-n-butyltin maleate |
78-04-6 |
Di-n-butyltin dichloride |
683-18-1 |
Di-n-butyltin oxide |
818-08-6 |
Di-n-butyltin diacetate |
1067-33-0 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(laurylmercaptide) |
1185-81-5 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(2-ethylhexanoate) |
2781-10-4 |
Tetra-n-butyl-1,3-bis(lauryloxy) distannoxane |
3669-02-1 |
Di-n-butyltin sulfide |
4253-22-9 |
Di-n-butyltin distearate |
5847-55-2 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(2-ethylhexyl mercaptoacetate) |
10584-98-2 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(oleate) |
13323-62-1 |
Di-n-butyltin-n-butoxytin chloride |
14254-22-9 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(2-ethylhexyl maleate) |
15546-12-0 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(n-butyl maleate) |
15546-16-4 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(methyl maleate) |
15546-11-9 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(acetylacetonate) |
22673-19-4 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(neodecanoate) |
25168-22-3 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate) |
25168-24-5 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(isooctyl maleate) |
25168-21-2 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptopropionate) |
26761-46-6 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(2-mercaptoethyl laurate) |
28570-24-3 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(lauryl maleate) |
33466-31-8 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(2-ethylhexyl mercaptopropionate) |
53202-61-2 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(tetradecyl maleate) |
60659-60-1 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(stearyl maleate) |
61813-52-3 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(2-oleoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
67361-77-7 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(tetradecanoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
67859-65-8 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(2-linoleoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
67859-61-4 |
Di-n-butyltin [N-(carboxymethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]
glycinate |
68239-46-3 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(hexadecanoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
68298-42-0 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(pentadecyl maleate) |
68299-23-0 |
Di-n -butyltin bis(decanoyloxyethylmercaptide) |
68928-47-2 |
Di-n-butyltin bis(isotridecyl mercaptopropionate) |
84896-44-6 |
Tri-n-butyltin hydride |
688-73-3 |
((Octylsuccinyl)bis(oxy))bis(tributylstannane |
67701-37-5 |
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